National Hispanic Heritage Month has officially begun across the United States, bringing a month of celebrations focused on Latino history, culture, achievements and contributions to American society.
Observed annually from September 15 through October 15, the month provides an opportunity to recognize the diverse communities whose roots extend across Spain, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central and South America.
More than 70 million people in the United States identify as ethnically Hispanic, representing roughly one-fifth of the nation’s population, according to U.S. Census figures.
How Hispanic Heritage Month Began
The observance originally began as Hispanic Heritage Week in 1968 after legislation introduced by Mexican American Rep. Edward R. Roybal of Los Angeles was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Nearly two decades later, President Ronald Reagan expanded the celebration from a week to a month, creating the annual observance recognized today.
September 15 was selected as the starting date because it marks the anniversary of Mexico’s declaration of independence from Spain. The date is also significant for several Central American countries that celebrate their independence during September.
Celebrating Latino Culture and Contributions
Events held throughout the month highlight the wide range of Latino cultures represented in the United States. Celebrations often feature music, food, art, history and community activities while recognizing the contributions of generations of Hispanic Americans.
Historians and community leaders also say the observance provides an opportunity to examine the experiences of Latino communities, including their struggles for equality, economic opportunity and workers’ rights.
Family, mutual assistance and community cooperation have played an important role in many Latino communities. Historians say these traditions have also contributed to strong participation in labor movements, where collective action has been used to seek better wages and working conditions.
A Broader Look at Latino History
The month also offers an opportunity to explore the complicated history of Latin America, including the effects of colonialism and the experiences of Indigenous populations.
Historian Diego Javier Luis of Johns Hopkins University has emphasized that Latino history is deeply connected to U.S. history. Latino communities have contributed to American culture through food, music, art, business and countless forms of community work.
From family-owned businesses and neighborhood stores to artists, musicians, workers and community leaders, millions of people have helped shape the cultural landscape of the United States.
Hispanic, Latino and Latinx: Why the Terms Differ
The terminology used to describe these communities has also been the subject of discussion.
The U.S. government historically used the term Hispanic to identify people connected to Spanish-speaking cultures. Some people, however, prefer Latino, which generally refers to people with roots in Latin America.
Others have used Latinx as a gender-neutral alternative, although the term is not universally accepted or used.
The distinctions are important because Latino communities are far from uniform. Mexican American, Colombian American, Salvadoran American and other communities have their own histories, traditions and cultural identities.
A Month of Recognition and Reflection
National Hispanic Heritage Month is therefore more than a series of cultural celebrations. It is also a period for recognizing the historical experiences and continuing contributions of Hispanic and Latino communities across the country.
As celebrations take place nationwide, organizers and historians hope the month encourages Americans to learn more about the diverse cultures and people who have helped shape the United States
